Racism in Crash Essay - 1723 Words

Physical Characteristics and racial differences are distinguishing traits that keep people in our world apart from each other. Crash is a movie that showcases prejudice and racial stereotypes. The movie is set in Los Angeles which is a city with the cultural mix of almost every ethnicity. Crash is a perfect analogy of how the different people intersect with others in society. The movie crash shows differences between the lives of different people. It displays the interactions of several multiethnic groups such as African American, Caucasians, Asians, Latinos, and Arabs. All of the groups are striving to overcome their fears as they weave in and out of each other’s lives. They are all tied by an invisible chain of events, so the movie†¦show more content†¦Matt Dillon’s character, John Ryan seems to show characteristics typical of this hypothesis. Officer Ryan displays a close connection with his father and the roots of racism is showed later in the movie. It was assumed that Ryan was a product of his environment that absorbed racist views from his father regarding his attitude towards black people. Ryan’s father happens not to be racist after all. Ryan’s attitude towards black people stems from his own experiences as a Los Angeles police officer. An example of racism occurred at the beginning of the film when the Arab looking father and daughter attempted to buy a gun. The clerk at the gun shop made a few blatantly racist comments about the customers because he assumes they are Middle Eastern. There were several references to the September 11 attacks. It didn’t matter that the two were Persian, not Arab. Unfortunately, the reoccurring theme post 9/11 is that all Middle Eastern people became potential terrorists. It is amazing that people have the ability to interpret bad events and cast their own prejudices on different ethnic groups to mask their own feelings of anger and frustration. Certain stereotypes have stood the test of time, no matter how many strides for racial equality have been made. Sandra Bullock’s character made the statement about the relationship between white and black people: â€Å"If a white woman sees two black men walkingShow MoreRelatedCrash and Racism886 Words   |  4 PagesPaul Haggis’ Crash is a drama set in the Los Angels area, the main concept of the film is racial and social tensions in L.A., Paul Haggis claims that it’s a â€Å"passion piece† due to it being inspired by a real life incident wherein his car was stolen outside a store in 1991 as he clearly states on the Crash commentary track. Now my reaction to this film was at first shocked and in awe of the brutality of the first 30 minutes. Such as Anthony and Peter’s discussion in the first few minutes aboutRead MoreRacism and Stereotypes in the Movie Crash693 Words   |  3 PagesCrash is a movie about race and stereotypes and its effects on the various people living in the Los Angeles area. The movie boost racial awareness and it requires close observation from the viewer. We see a variety of races including African American men and women, several Hispanics, a Middle Eastern family, and a few Asians. We see the ups and downs of each character and it helps us see where they are coming from, and potentially why they are racist against different people. It seems that we almostRead MoreImpact Of Racism On The Movie Crash 1257 Words   |  6 PagesThe movie Crash, demonstrates the lives of various individuals from divergent socioeconomic classes, who have life changing experiences in between their conflicting prejudices and stereotypes. In this brief essay, I am going to discuss the impact racism and stereotyping have on the lives of some main characters in the movie, considering the development of the storyline and the impact of various incidents that change their perspective towards themselves and each other. Martin and Nakayama define racialRead MoreColonialism And Racism In Crash By Paul Haggis839 Words   |  4 Pages Paul Haggis’s 2004 melodrama â€Å"Crash† is a film depicting the way diverse societies, cultures and environments affect each other’s lives. Characters are forced to interact and assist in uncomfortable and traumatic chains of events that impact the film’s ability to create intense moments that questioned are initial perspective of a character’s sense of morality. Haggis does an excellent job structuring the story around the concept of everyday life with unexpected moments of conflict, and developingRead MoreEssay on Black Like Me and Crash965 Words   |  4 PagesBlack Like Me and Crash In 1959 John Howard Griffin, the author of the book Black Like Me, disguised himself as an African American and decided to go live out in society to see what it would be like to be a black man. The book Black Like Me is his documentation of that experience. His story spread around the world and he got a lot of praise from people around the world, but he also got a good amount if hate from the white power groups who were quite prevalent at the time. Now, much time has passedRead MoreThe Film Crash By Paul Haggis1157 Words   |  5 PagesThe film Crash by Paul Haggis is a film involving issues of race and gender, which is viewed through the intersecting lives of strangers seen through an auto accident/crash in Los Angeles which opens the film. This film is trying to symbolize what goes on in the world today in regards to racism and stereotypes. Paul Haggis tries to make a point on how societies view themselves and others in the world based on there ethnicities. This movie intertwines several different people s lives, all differentRead MoreUndeniable Thought(Film Crash) Essay1212 Words   |  5 PagesDiamond Ward Sociology 2060-01 Film Analysis #1 February 7, 2012 Undeniable Thought The film Crash by Paul Haggis is a film involving issues of race and gender, which is viewed through the intersecting lives of strangers seen through an auto accident/crash in Los Angeles which opens the film. This film is trying to symbolize what goes on in the world today in regards to racism and stereotypes. Paul Haggis tries to make a point on how societies view themselves and others in the world based on thereRead MoreThe Opening Line Of The Movie Crash Essay1734 Words   |  7 Pagescity, you walk, you know? You brush past people, people bump into you. In L.A., nobody touches you. We’re always behind this metal and glass. I think we miss that touch so much, that we crash into each other, just so we can feel something.† This quote, spoken by Don Cheadle, is the opening line of the movie Crash. Not only does this powerful line tell the viewers where the movie is taking place, but it also gives them a brief overview of what to expect from the movie. As citizens of this countryRead MoreCrash1243 Words   |  5 PagesCrash Movie Analysis Anjelica McCartney HUM/150 January 18, 2016 Victor Armenta Crash Movie Analysis Discrimination, racism, classism, prejudice and more plague today’s society. These horrible issues do not affect one race, sexes, class, ethnicity, or age group; these issues affect all races, both genders, all ethnicities, and all age groups. For this film analysis, I have chosen to discuss the racism portrayed throughout a three-time Oscar award winning movie called Crash. Summary PaulRead MoreCultural Aspects Of American Culture1345 Words   |  6 Pagesthat I observed in the movies are assimilation, acculturation, and enculturation. I saw assimilation in both Spanglish and Crash. In Spanglish, Cristina was the one who went through assimilation. She adapted the American culture and left behind her Hispanic culture. She learned English, Mrs. Clasky took her shopping, and she was able to go to a private school. In the movie Crash, assimilation is seen through all the different people who have adopted the American lifestyle. One example for this is Farhad

Gel Electrophoresis - 679 Words

General Biology and Lab II - BIO196 Gel electrophoresis Report Sheet Name: Date: Partner: Conlusions The results of my testing indicates that: Blood from Suspect Number __________ was at the crime scene. Explain your evidence for coming to this conclusion. Is this sufficient evidence to convict the the suspect of the crime? Why or why not? The DNA found on the crime scene matches the one from suspect 3 through same number of cuts and size of the banded fragments which are both identical. This shows that two samples of DNA have identical restriction sites that produced identical patterns. When also calculating the number of base pairs of all samples, we find that there is a 97.76% match with Suspect 3s DNA with the crime scene DNA†¦show more content†¦11 125 500 12 132 400 13 138 300 Name: Date: DNA Fragment Size Standard Curve You do not need to complete this graph if you attach the printout of the computer generated graph 100,000 50,000 23,130 10,000 Fragment Size (base pairs - bp) 8000 6,000 5,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 1,500 1,400 1,000 750 500 400 300 200 100 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Distance Traveled (mm) Name:Show MoreRelatedWhat Are Gel Electrophoresis?1157 Words   |  5 PagesGel electrophoresis is a gel technique that separates DNA and proteins based on their mass, by means of an applied electrical field that passes through an agarose or polyacrylamide gel. The concentration of agarose in the gel is commonly 0.8% to 1.0%, since agarose is expensive. The gel is embedded on a buffer, pH of 8.3, which keeps the pH of the solution at equilibrium. Assuming that at typical pH, DNA is negatively charged, denatured protein samples are placed in the wells located on the negativeRead MoreCrime Scenes: Agarose Gel Electrophoresis Essay1467 Words   |  6 PagesDNA. Most of the time, this is done using a technique known as gel electrophoresis. Gel electrophoresis is a method used to separate the macromolecules that make up nucleic acids, such as DNA and RNA, along with proteins. Gel electrophoresis is significant because it has given scientists insight on what cell s cause certain diseases and has led to advancements in DNA and fingerprint identification. My experiment will use gel electrophoresis to compare the separation of food dye in different agarose concentrationsRead MoreThe Use Of Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate ( Sds ) Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis Essay1718 Words   |  7 Pagesreferences, expanded on experimental errors in more detail and ensured my aim and conclusion is clear. Abstract The purpose of this investigation was to identify the class of immunoglobulins using, sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (PAGE); by making deductions about the structure and molecular organisation of the protein. The experiment was conducted to calculate the unknown molecular mass for reduced and non-reduced immunoglobulin, using SDS-PAGE by measuring the distanceRead MoreThe Extraction Of Dna From A Kiwi Fruit Run Through Agarose Gel Electrophoresis1383 Words   |  6 PagesTitle: The Extraction of DNA from a Kiwi Fruit Run Through Agarose Gel Electrophoresis. Introduction: In this experiment the use of gel electrophoresis and DNA extraction will be used to see that kiwi fruit has evidence of DNA. The aim is to be able to extract the DNA from a Kiwi Fruit then be able to load then visualize the DNA that was extracted through the use of Gel Electrophoresis. Materials: The materials used were Kiwi Fruit (peeled and cut into triangles), Plastic zip lock bag, I – 10 mLRead MoreGel Electrophoresis: Separating DNA and RNA848 Words   |  4 Pages Gel electrophoresis is a procedure used in laboratories to separate DNA, as well as RNA and proteins. A gel slab is placed in a buffer-filled box and an electrical field is applied. The negatively charged DNA will migrate towards the positively charged side, where it can then be recorded and further analyzed. An example for the use of gel electrophoresis would be in identifying people. DNA is present in almost every cell of our body. Each person has a unique sequence of DNA base pairs that makesRead MoreA Study On A Gel Electrophoresis Experiment1016 Words   |  5 Pagesstill be 0.48. 3. A. A gel electrophoresis experiment works because DNA has negative charge and is attracted to the positive electrode. The different mass of DNA segments with different lengths separates them as they move across the gel. Shorter DNA segments move further toward the end of the gel while longer DNA segments lag behind. This experiment is set up by preparing for a gel with agar solution of a certain concentration and putting two electrodes at its two ends. The gel in the question wouldRead MorePcr Lab Analyzing The Alu Pv92 Genetic Sequence1607 Words   |  7 Pagesconsisted of 26 individuals, of varying ethnical backgrounds, ages, and genders, who amplified their own DNA through the use of PCR. Their DNA was examined for the presence [(+/+) or (+/-)] or absence [(-/-)] of the Alu insertion through the use of gel electrophoresis. Based on the hypothesis, the objective of this experiment is to prepare and perform a polymerase chain reaction to determine the amount of students between the two lab sections that present at least one copy of the Alu allele in the genomeRead MoreWestern Blotting Essay1559 Words   |  7 Pagesand is used to distinguish from different species based on variation, commonality, or evolutionary divergence. First, proteins are extracted from the tissue and loaded into a gel matrix. The matrix will separate the proteins according to size using an electric current. Proteins that are separated after are blotted from the gel and onto a paper membrane. An antibody is then added to the membrane paper and causes a colored reaction. Following the reaction, the results help detect and quantify a singleRead MoreThe Isolation Of Milk Whey904 Words   |  4 Pagesusing the *** as the blank. Day 3: Protein Characterization Using SDS-PAGE Gel Electrophoresis and BCA Assay A crude whey sample and a purified *-lactalbumin sample were prepared for SDS-PAGE gel electrophoresis by mixing 20  µL of each sample with  µL of the reducing gel buffer in Eppendorf tubes. These two samples were then boiled for 5 minutes and then allowed to cool to room temperature. A precast gel was inserted into the gel running apparatus and the comb was removed. Consequently, a 10x stock solutionRead Morecomparative proteomics Essay944 Words   |  4 Pages METHODS The method used in this lab to map the proteins was the method of Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. This method can be used to separate the proteins present in the fish muscle and separates them on size. Due to the fact that they are separated by size, the proteins can be compared because similar proteins with stop at the same spot in the gel. So measuring the bands that show up on the gel you can determine if different fish species have similar proteins. The first thing that is

John Deere and Complex Parts Inc. Essay Example For Students

John Deere and Complex Parts Inc. Essay Discuss the strengths and weaknesses of John Deers Achieving Excellence Program. Consider and discuss other criteria to include in the analysis. Strengths Of Achieving Excellence Program 1) Win/Win Situation One of the strength offered by this program is a promised Quality product, which is equally important and beneficial for both parties, Deere Complex Parts Inc. 2) Performance based volumes This compliance system yields a bench mark for the suppliers and they are supposed to follow it. This ensures that the supplier performing best will get more volumes thus creating an environment of competence to achieve the excellence. 3) Improved Relationship between Buyer and Vendor In order to implement this program a good deal of communication and coordination is required. Which in turns become a strength of this program to boost up the good relationship between Buyer and Vendor. 4)Further benefit Suppliers can use the benefits of successful implementation of this program with their Other clients as well. 5) Comprehensiveness APE is designed keeping in view all the aspects of Supply Chain Management. Its comprehensiveness to cover all the areas is one of its Strength. 6) Dynamic System Its property of being dynamic and absorbent to new changes, ideas and improvements is also one to its major strength. Weaknesses of Achieving Excellence Program I) Absolute Qualitative Quantitative Pew of the areas such as Cost Management, Wavelength and Technical Support are totally qualitative while areas like Delivery and Quality are absolutely quantitative. This makes it as one Of the Weakness Of this program. Specially absolute qualitative measure can be at times influence by perception and inaccuracy, thus effecting the judgment. We think a mix Of both attributes can be assigned to each area. 2) Suppliers short or under-deliveries are not considered in Delivery measurement In Delivery measurement formula, XSL 000. 000 Short or under-deliveries are not considered, which might effect the result accuracy, Other Criteria that can be included in the program: I _ Social Responsibility (health Safety) should be part of this program as it is a accessory part of any compliance and quality assurance program / system. . Cost management should be quantitative in order to access the cost effectiveness Of the supplier 3. Quality Claims and Claim handling should also be considered as parameter in this program.

Platos Democracy- Received A B+ Essays - Ancient Greek Philosophers

Plato's Democracy- Received A B+ Plato's Democracy After I have carefully read through this suggestion of democracy, I have come to realize that there is no simple solution. Some of the material suggested makes absolute sense for a democracy, however when analyzed closely does not seem practical. For example when Plato suggests: those who have knowledge of the forms should be in charge of the ruling society. This statement seems plausible because a society would be best when ruled by the acknowledged. However, how is it exactly, that you can decipher a man acknowledged of the forms and a man who claims he is acknowledged of the forms? Also, does having knowledge of the forms insure that they will apply the forms in their ruling? I am not convinced. Secondly, the military are those who enforce the judgment of reason according to this suggestion of democracy. In addition the rest of society engages in the production of goods to meet bodily need. Is this implying that the rest of society is more or less a bunch of mindless people? So much so, they are much like robots who have no say in what goes on around them? In this case there would be no variation leaving everything uniform. I feel this would cause chaos at some point during time. Not all people could be content living under these conditions, which would most likely cause and up-roar through out the society. On a broader scope, I feel in some ways it sounds very much like much like what our society today is outlined to be. We have a higher power that supposedly is knowledgeable and is in charge of the ruling of the society. Secondly, we have a military who enforces the judgment of reason, being the police. And finally the rest of society engages in the producing of goods to meet bodily needs. This is all true for society today however; in our society today we are able to move from one class of people to another if desired. In Plato's democracy, if once you are in a class you stay there and everything is based on equality among the classes then wouldn't there have to be some form of communism that comes into play? Plato's form of government is a controversial topic. It seems to be reasonable when reading it as a rough outline of a form of government. Through this sense it may seem practical. However, when critiquing Plato's democracy it is questionable if it would even be able to function and still be successful. Personally, I found Plato's democracy to be reasonable yet not practical. Bibliography none Philosophy Essays

Whats a Good ACT Score That Depends on Your Definition!

What's a Good ACT Score That Depends on Your Definition! SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips It’s hard to define a good ACT score because every student has different goals and standards. However, there are various specific ways you might think about your scores to decide on what a good score means for you. In this article, I’ll go through four different means of defining what a good score might look like for you on the ACT. What Is a Good ACT Score Nationally? If you’re somewhat unfamiliar with the ACT, you probably just want to get an overview of the types of scores you might get and how they stack up to the national average.On the ACT, the highest score you can get is a 36, and the lowest score is technically a one.Within that range, based on national statistics, there are benchmarks for what indicates a higher than average or lower than average score. The lowest 10 percent of scores are below a 14 composite, so anything less that that would be considered a very low score. The bottom 25 percent of scorers earned a composite score of 16 or lower. These would also be considered low scores. The 50th percentile score on the ACT is around a 20 composite, so this represents the national average. The 75th percentile score is a 24, which means that 75% of students score below a 24 composite on the ACT. Anything above a 24 is a very good score on the national level. If you score a 28 or above, you’ve moved into the elite score range, meaning you’re earning a better score than 90% of students in the country. See this article for a more detailed discussion of ACT score percentiles.National statistics are only so helpful because they include students who don’t plan on attending college.This may skew the averages slightly lower and prevent you from setting accurate goals for yourself based on your personal abilities. It's also especially true for the ACT because many states use the ACT as a statewide assessment test that all students are required to take. In the next fewsections, I’ll go over some helpful ways to judge your scores in contexts that might be more appropriate for you. Hawaii requires all high school students to take the ACT. And you can bet that it's hard to get any studying done when your backyard looks like this. What’s a Good Score Compared to Other High-Achieving Students? If you’re an honors student and are not satisfied with comparing yourself to the national average, you might want to compare yourself to other students who have similar goals and high school class records instead.The scores of your similarly high-achieving classmates might be more indicative of the score goals you should be setting for yourself. As a general guideline: For the top third of high school honors students, the 75th percentile ACT score is around a 29. For the top tenth of high school honors students, the 75th percentile ACT score is around a 32. If you’re in either of these groups, these scores should give you a benchmark as to where your scores need to be to compete with others who have similar college ambitions.Remember, 75th percentile means that these scores are higher than those of 75 percent of students within each of the groups, so if you aim for these scores you’ll most likely be above average even in a group of nerds. If you attend a private school, you can also look up statistics on your school's website for ACT scores. Most private schools will provide these numbers publicly. At this point, you may want to get even more specific and research the colleges that interest you to find out what score you should set as your goal. I’ll go over this process in the next section. You're all Smarties, but who is....Smartiest? What’s a Good Score for College? This is where the determination of what a â€Å"good† score means can get a lot more subjective.Since every student has different goals for college, what qualifies as a good score will vary significantly from person to person.The best way to figure out what a good score is for your college goals is to look up the average scores of students who were admitted to colleges that interest you. For most schools, you’ll see a score range that gives you the 25th and 75th percentile scores of students. To have a solid chance of admission, you should aim for the 75th percentile score as your goal.If you’re interested in a few different schools, you might look up statistics for all of them and average the 75th percentile scores to get a reasonable goal score.To find these numbers, just Google â€Å"[name of school] admissions requirements PrepScholar† and click on the first result.Read this article on how to find your target score for more details. If you go through this process and find that your scores are already higher than the average scores at schools that interest you, you might consider aiming for more competitive colleges.At a more selective school, you’ll have access to better opportunities, a more intellectual community, and more challenging classes.You’ll also end up with better prospects post-graduation when you’re applying for jobs or grad school. If you’re aiming for the most competitive schools in the country, you might find that their 75th percentile ACT score is close to a perfect 36 (Harvard’s is a 35).It’s safe to say that at these schools, you’ll need to aim for at least a 32 or higher to have any chance of being accepted. College admissions have become extremely competitive in recent years due to the volume of applications, so schools have had to adopt higher and higher standards to pick out students from the crowd. You gotta be that one special red rock student in the big pile of gray rock students. What’s a Good Score for You? You might also consider your own starting point and limitations when deciding what a good score means. You’re competing against yourself first and foremost as you make improvements to your score.Try studying for ten hours and then taking a practice test.The score that you get on that test can be a baseline for you to build upon in future study sessions.With dedicated studying, you may be able to improve this score by 3 or more points.Once you take this first practice test, you can formulate a study plan to help you reach your score improvement goals. Most students hit the limit of how much time they can put into ACT prep at around 40-80 hours of focused studying.After you have put in this much time, you should take another practice test and see where you stand.If you’ve improved by 3 or more points, you’re getting a good score compared to where you were at the beginning. If you didn’t end up improving much at all, you might want to rethink your study habits and make sure you really understand your mistakes.Getting a â€Å"good† score is really about maximizing your potential, and you can’t do that if you’re not using the right study methods. If you managed to improve by 3 points from a low score, you should consider yourself to have earned a good score regardless of the actual numbers. At this point, you can reassess your goals and see if you might be able to improve even more! If you find that your studying is progressing SLOWLY, you might need to revise your methods. I just really wanted to include this picture of a sloth. What's Next? Trying to improve your score dramatically? Find out how long you should study for the ACT based on your goals. The ACT gives you four free score reports to send to colleges on each test date. Should you use them?And how do you actually send your scores to colleges? What if you have a high GPA but didn't do so well on the ACT? Read our article to learn how to deal with this situation. Disappointed with your ACT scores? Want to improve your ACT score by 4+ points? Download our free guide to the top 5 strategies you need in your prep to improve your ACT score dramatically.

The Great Dictator essays

The Great Dictator essays The Great Dictator made in 1940 by Charlie Chaplin was at the time a controversial film because it exposed Nazism and anti-Semitism with both humor and horror. In his film, Chaplin plays the two main characters: Adenoid Hynkel, the tyrannical dictator of Tomania and a Jewish barber persecuted by Storm Troopers in the ghetto. The movie begins in 1918, at the end of the First World War. The Jewish barber is fighting on the franco-german front and in the thick of the battle, inadvertently rescues a pilot and both fly away to safety. Unfortunately, due to their catastrophic landing, the barber looses his memory of the war. Then he is released from the hospital in the late thirties and goes back to work in his barbershop in the ghetto. However, he doesn't know that the soldiers of the Double Cross (instead of a swastika) who persecute and terrorize people are now controlling his town. At one point, he stands up to them and is almost hanged. Fortunately, by a twist of fate, the pilot whom the barber saved in the war becomes one of Hynkel's top men and out of gratitude, orders the Storm Troopers to leave the ghetto alone. Due to his courageous act the barber wins the admiration of a pretty neighbor girl, Hannah. Meanwhile, Hynkel demands the wealthy Jews to fund his invasion on Osterlich and when the Jews refuse, he launches an attack on the ghetto. The barber is then thrown into a concentration camp. Tomanias dictator also holds a meeting with the Dictator of Bacteria, Benzino Napaloni, to discuss the territorial situation in Osterlich. Napaloni holds troops at the border and agrees to remove them only if Hynkel signs the treaty, which he does. When the attack on Osterlich is ready to begin, the barber escapes and is mistaken for Hynkel, leading up to the final and powerful speech. Many of the characters in the film were clearly not entirely fictional, which was one of the main objections from certain political groups in America...

Toni Morrison Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Toni Morrison - Research Paper Example Most of the blacks in America came in as slaves and lacked education. The last 3 centuries have been dominated by whites in the literature industry. When Toni was born in 1930, she experienced racism and decided to create an impact in black society in America (Fultz 78). This paper is going to make an inquiry about Toni Morrison’s life and how she had influenced American culture especially for the Blacks. The paper seek to find out her early life and the challenges she had go through to end up as a well-recognized icon in the field of literature in the US and her impact on black culture. Toni fought the notion that the Negros is not intellectual and for this she was awarded with Nobel Peace Prize for her efforts on human rights activism. Morrison was born in Ohio in 1931. She became a catholic at age 12 and she adapted her writing skills from the story telling character that she acquired from his father who told many stories about the black community. This is where Toni found her point her career for fighting for the Negros human rights. As a catholic she acquired the name Anthony which was later nicknamed Toni a name she is famously known for. She graduated from Howard University in 1953 with an Bachelor of Art in English. Her interest in writing career made her pursue her second degree which she acquired in 1955 from Cornell University. According to Toni, only education and knowledge would break the chains of racism and discrimination the blacks suffered in America hence her reasons for further studies. 3 years from her Masters graduation Toni was married to Harold Morrison whom they both gave birth to 2 children. Their marriage only lasted 6 years after which Toni divorced her architectural husband she met in Howard University. After this divorce, Toni was forced to move to New York where she landed a job as a book editor. This job inspired Toni to be a good writer and her efforts led to the exposure of black literature works into the